48 research outputs found

    Vergleich und Bewertung von Methoden und Tools fĂŒr den Entwurf und die Realisierung von REST APIs

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    REST-Schnittstellen haben sich die letzten Jahre in der Softwareindustrie etabliert. AbhĂ€ngig von der eingesetzten Technologie gibt es viele Möglichkeiten eine REST-Schnittstelle zu entwerfen und umzusetzen. FĂŒr die UnterstĂŒtzung des Entwurfs und der Realisierung von REST-Schnittstellen existiert ein modellgetriebener Ansatz mit akademischem Hintergrund. Neben diesem akademischen, modellgetriebenen Ansatz existieren weitere AnsĂ€tze basierend auf Beschreibungssprachen wie Swagger oder RAML, die bei Entwurf und Realisierung unterstĂŒtzen. Diese Arbeit vergleicht den eben beschriebenen akademischen Ansatz mit zwei AnsĂ€tzen, welche beide jeweils eine der eben genannten Beschreibungssprachen nutzen. Der auf Swagger-basierende Ansatz wird durch eine bestehende Softwareentwicklung eines Industriepartners reprĂ€sentiert. Der akademische modellgetriebene Ansatz und seine Werkzeuge werden mit den beiden anderen AnsĂ€tzen und deren Werkzeuge hinsichtlich ihrer Brauchbarkeit zum Entwurf und zur Umsetzung von REST-Schnittstellen in einem Industrieunternehmen untersucht. Dieser Vergleich der Entwurfs- und Realisierungsmethoden von REST-Schnittstellen wird exemplarisch an einem agil entwickelten Dienst zur Abfrage von Sonderzielen durchgefĂŒhrt. Der Vergleich betrachtet die verschiedenen Arbeitsweisen der vorgestellten AnsĂ€tze, die dabei entstehenden Artefakte und Modelle sowie den von ihnen erzeugten Quellcode. FĂŒr die DurchfĂŒhrung des Vergleichs der verschiedenen AnsĂ€tze wurden Nachbauten des Dienstes des Industriepartners fĂŒr den akademischen Ansatz und den Ansatz unter Verwendung von RAML erstellt. Diese Nachbauten dienen als Grundlage fĂŒr die Betrachtung des Entwicklungsprozesses, die Befragung der Entwickler sowie die DurchfĂŒhrung einer statischen Codeanalyse. Die Befragung zeigt, dass die befragten Entwickler des Industriepartners die ihnen neu vorgestellten AnsĂ€tze im Allgemeinen nicht als bereit und lohnenswert fĂŒr den Entwurf und die Umsetzung von REST-Schnittstellen in der Praxis erachteten. Die beteiligten Entwickler waren sich aber einig, dass modellgetriebenen AnsĂ€tze attraktive Möglichkeiten bieten

    Genetic association study of QT interval highlights role for calcium signaling pathways in myocardial repolarization.

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    The QT interval, an electrocardiographic measure reflecting myocardial repolarization, is a heritable trait. QT prolongation is a risk factor for ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD) and could indicate the presence of the potentially lethal mendelian long-QT syndrome (LQTS). Using a genome-wide association and replication study in up to 100,000 individuals, we identified 35 common variant loci associated with QT interval that collectively explain ∌8-10% of QT-interval variation and highlight the importance of calcium regulation in myocardial repolarization. Rare variant analysis of 6 new QT interval-associated loci in 298 unrelated probands with LQTS identified coding variants not found in controls but of uncertain causality and therefore requiring validation. Several newly identified loci encode proteins that physically interact with other recognized repolarization proteins. Our integration of common variant association, expression and orthogonal protein-protein interaction screens provides new insights into cardiac electrophysiology and identifies new candidate genes for ventricular arrhythmias, LQTS and SCD

    Association between the proportion of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infections detected by passive surveillance and the magnitude of the asymptomatic reservoir in the community: a pooled analysis of paired health facility and community data.

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    BACKGROUND: Passively collected malaria case data are the foundation for public health decision making. However, because of population-level immunity, infections might not always be sufficiently symptomatic to prompt individuals to seek care. Understanding the proportion of all Plasmodium spp infections expected to be detected by the health system becomes particularly paramount in elimination settings. The aim of this study was to determine the association between the proportion of infections detected and transmission intensity for Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in several global endemic settings. METHODS: The proportion of infections detected in routine malaria data, P(Detect), was derived from paired household cross-sectional survey and routinely collected malaria data within health facilities. P(Detect) was estimated using a Bayesian model in 431 clusters spanning the Americas, Africa, and Asia. The association between P(Detect) and malaria prevalence was assessed using log-linear regression models. Changes in P(Detect) over time were evaluated using data from 13 timepoints over 2 years from The Gambia. FINDINGS: The median estimated P(Detect) across all clusters was 12·5% (IQR 5·3-25·0) for P falciparum and 10·1% (5·0-18·3) for P vivax and decreased as the estimated log-PCR community prevalence increased (adjusted odds ratio [OR] for P falciparum 0·63, 95% CI 0·57-0·69; adjusted OR for P vivax 0·52, 0·47-0·57). Factors associated with increasing P(Detect) included smaller catchment population size, high transmission season, improved care-seeking behaviour by infected individuals, and recent increases (within the previous year) in transmission intensity. INTERPRETATION: The proportion of all infections detected within health systems increases once transmission intensity is sufficiently low. The likely explanation for P falciparum is that reduced exposure to infection leads to lower levels of protective immunity in the population, increasing the likelihood that infected individuals will become symptomatic and seek care. These factors might also be true for P vivax but a better understanding of the transmission biology is needed to attribute likely reasons for the observed trend. In low transmission and pre-elimination settings, enhancing access to care and improvements in care-seeking behaviour of infected individuals will lead to an increased proportion of infections detected in the community and might contribute to accelerating the interruption of transmission. FUNDING: Wellcome Trust

    Large-scale analyses of common and rare variants identify 12 new loci associated with atrial fibrillation

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    Atrial fibrillation affects more than 33 million people worldwide and increases the risk of stroke, heart failure, and death. Fourteen genetic loci have been associated with atrial fibrillation in European and Asian ancestry groups. To further define the genetic basis of atrial fibrillation, we performed large-scale, trans-ancestry meta-analyses of common and rare variant association studies. The genome-wide association studies (GWAS) included 17,931 individuals with atrial fibrillation and 115,142 referents; the exome-wide association studies (ExWAS) and rare variant association studies (RVAS) involved 22,346 cases and 132,086 referents. We identified 12 new genetic loci that exceeded genome-wide significance, implicating genes involved in cardiac electrical and structural remodeling. Our results nearly double the number of known genetic loci for atrial fibrillation, provide insights into the molecular basis of atrial fibrillation, and may facilitate the identification of new potential targets for drug discovery

    Multiple novel prostate cancer susceptibility signals identified by fine-mapping of known risk loci among Europeans

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    Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous common prostate cancer (PrCa) susceptibility loci. We have fine-mapped 64 GWAS regions known at the conclusion of the iCOGS study using large-scale genotyping and imputation in 25 723 PrCa cases and 26 274 controls of European ancestry. We detected evidence for multiple independent signals at 16 regions, 12 of which contained additional newly identified significant associations. A single signal comprising a spectrum of correlated variation was observed at 39 regions; 35 of which are now described by a novel more significantly associated lead SNP, while the originally reported variant remained as the lead SNP only in 4 regions. We also confirmed two association signals in Europeans that had been previously reported only in East-Asian GWAS. Based on statistical evidence and linkage disequilibrium (LD) structure, we have curated and narrowed down the list of the most likely candidate causal variants for each region. Functional annotation using data from ENCODE filtered for PrCa cell lines and eQTL analysis demonstrated significant enrichment for overlap with bio-features within this set. By incorporating the novel risk variants identified here alongside the refined data for existing association signals, we estimate that these loci now explain ∌38.9% of the familial relative risk of PrCa, an 8.9% improvement over the previously reported GWAS tag SNPs. This suggests that a significant fraction of the heritability of PrCa may have been hidden during the discovery phase of GWAS, in particular due to the presence of multiple independent signals within the same regio

    Atrial fibrillation genetic risk differentiates cardioembolic stroke from other stroke subtypes

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    Management of instance data for a TOSCA cloud service

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    Die Topology and Orchestration Specification for Cloud Applications (TOSCA) ermöglicht die portable und interoperable Beschreibung von Cloud Anwendungen, deren Deployment und deren Verwaltung. Die Abfolge der ausgefĂŒhrten Operationen innerhalb der Anwendungsstruktur kann hierbei durch Management-PlĂ€ne modelliert werden. Die Beschreibungen der Anwendung alleine sind jedoch nicht ausreichend um Instanzen einer solchen sinnvoll zu verwalten. WĂ€hrend der AusfĂŒhrung der Management-PlĂ€ne fallen komponentenspezifische Daten an, deren persistente Speicherung und Bereitstellung gewĂ€hrleistet sein muss. Die PlĂ€ne benötigen wĂ€hrend ihrer AusfĂŒhrung, neben den Instanzdaten, den Zugriff auf anwendungsspezifische Dateien. Zur Sicherstellung der PortabilitĂ€t der PlĂ€ne, muss dieser Zugriff möglichst unabhĂ€ngig von der eingesetzten TOSCA-Laufzeitumgebung sein. Die Verwaltung von Instanzdaten und Sicherstellung der PortabilitĂ€t sind beides Aufgaben einer TOSCA-Laufzeitumgebung. Diese Arbeit identifiziert Anforderungen an einen Dienst, der diese Aufgaben realisiert, und zeigt den Entwurf und die Implementierung eines solchen. Dies wird exemplarisch am Beispiel des OpenTOSCA-Containers, der eine an der UniversitĂ€t Stuttgart entwickelte TOSCA-Laufzeitumgebung ist, durchgefĂŒhrt. Dieser wird im Zuge dieser Arbeit um eine Instanzdatenverwaltungs- und PortabilitĂ€ts-Schnittstelle erweitert

    Optimierung des FahrwerksgerÀusches

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    Chasis noise optimization

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